Confucian Analects Chapter 10
Confucius, in his village, looked simple and sincere, and as if he were not able to speak.
When he was in the prince‘s ancestral temple, or in the court, he spoke minutely on every point, but cautiously.
When he was waiting at court, in speaking with the great officers of the lower grade, he spoke freely, but in a straightforward manner; in speaking with those of the higher grade, he did so blandly, but precisely.
When the ruler was present, his manner displayed respectful uneasiness; it was grave, but self-possessed.
When the prince called him to employ him in the reception of a visitor, his countenance appeared to change, and his legs to move forward with difficulty.
He inclined himself to the other officers among whom he stood, moving his left or right arm, as their position required, but keeping the skirts of his robe before and behind evenly adjusted.
He hastened forward, with his arms like the wings of a bird. When the guest had retired, he would report to the prince, "The visitor is not turning round any more."
When he entered the palace gate, he seemed to bend his body, as if it were not sufficient to admit him.
When he was standing, he did not occupy the middle of the gateway; when he passed in or out, he did not tread upon the threshold.
When he was passing the vacant place of the prince, his countenance appeared to change, and his legs to bend under him, and his words came as if he hardly had breath to utter them.
He ascended the reception hall, holding up his robe with both his hands, and his body bent; holding in his breath also, as if he dared not breathe.
When he came out from the audience, as soon as he had descended one step, he began to relax his countenance, and had a satisfied look. When he had got the bottom of the steps, he advanced rapidly to his place, with his arms like wings, and on occupying it, his manner still showed respectful uneasiness.
When he was carrying the scepter of his ruler, he seemed to bend his body, as if he were not able to bear its weight. He did not hold it higher than the position of the hands in making a bow, nor lower than their position in giving anything to another. His countenance seemed to change, and look apprehensive, and he dragged his feet along as if they were held by something to the ground.
In presenting the presents with which he was charged, he wore a placid appearance.
At his private audience, he looked highly pleased. The superior man did not use a deep purple, or a puce color, in
the ornaments of his dress.
Even in his undress, he did not wear anything of a red or reddish color.
In warm weather, he had a single garment either of coarse or fine texture, but he wore it displayed over an inner garment.
Over lamb‘s fur he wore a garment of black; over fawn‘s fur one of white; and over fox‘s fur one of yellow.
The fur robe of his undress was long, with the right sleeve short. He required his sleeping dress to be half as long again as his body. When staying at home, he used thick furs of the fox or the badger. When he put off mourning, he wore all the appendages of the girdle. His undergarment, except when it was required to be of the curtain shape, was made of silk cut narrow above and wide below.
He did not wear lamb‘s fur or a black cap on a visit of condolence. On the first day of the month he put on his court robes, and presented himself at court.
When fasting, he thought it necessary to have his clothes brightly clean and made of linen cloth.
When fasting, he thought it necessary to change his food, and also to change the place where he commonly sat in the apartment.
He did not dislike to have his rice finely cleaned, nor to have his mince meat cut quite small.
He did not eat rice which had been injured by heat or damp and turned sour, nor fish or flesh which was gone. He did not eat what was discolored, or what was of a bad flavor, nor anything which was ill-cooked, or was not in season.
He did not eat meat which was not cut properly, nor what was served without its proper sauce.
Though there might be a large quantity of meat, he would not allow what he took to exceed the due proportion for the rice. It was only in wine that he laid down no limit for himself, but he did not allow himself to be confused by it.
He did not partake of wine and dried meat bought in the market. He was never without ginger when he ate. He did not eat much. When he had been assisting at the prince‘s sacrifice, he did not keep the flesh which he received overnight. The flesh of his family sacrifice he did not keep over three days. If kept over three days, people could not eat it.
When eating, he did not converse. When in bed, he did not speak. Although his food might be coarse rice and vegetable soup, he would offer a little of it in sacrifice with a grave, respectful air.
If his mat was not straight, he did not sit on it. When the villagers were drinking together, upon those who carried staffs going out, he also went out immediately after.
When the villagers were going through their ceremonies to drive away pestilential influences, he put on his court robes and stood on the eastern steps.
When he was sending complimentary inquiries to any one in another state, he bowed twice as he escorted the messenger away.
Chi K‘ang having sent him a present of physic, he bowed and received it, saying, "I do not know it. I dare not taste it."
The stable being burned down, when he was at court, on his return he said, "Has any man been hurt?" He did not ask about the horses.
When the he would adjust his mat, first taste it, and then give it away to others. When the prince sent him a gift of undressed meat, he would have it cooked, and offer it to the spirits of his ancestors. When the prince sent him a gift of a living animal, he would keep it alive.
When he was in attendance on the prince and joining in the entertainment, the prince only sacrificed. He first tasted everything.
When he was ill and the prince came to visit him, he had his head to the east, made his court robes be spread over him, and drew his girdle across them.
When the prince‘s order called him, without waiting for his carriage to be yoked, he went at once.
When he entered the ancestral temple of the state, he asked about everything.
When any of his friends died, if he had no relations offices, he would say, "I will bury him."
When a friend sent him a present, though it might be a carriage and horses, he did not bow.
The only present for which he bowed was that of the flesh of sacrifice.
In bed, he did not lie like a corpse. At home, he did not put on any formal deportment.
When he saw any one in a mourning dress, though it might be an acquaintance, he would change countenance; when he saw any one wearing the cap of full dress, or a blind person, though he might be in his undress, he would salute him in a ceremonious manner.
To any person in mourning he bowed forward to the crossbar of his carriage; he bowed in the same way to any one bearing the tables of population.
When he was at an entertainment where there was an abundance of provisions set before him, he would change countenance and rise up.
On a sudden clap of thunder, or a violent wind, he would change countenance.
When he was about to mount his carriage, he would stand straight, holding the cord.
When he was in the carriage, he did not turn his head quite round, he did not talk hastily, he did not point with his hands.
Seeing the countenance, it instantly rises. It flies round, and by and by settles.
The Master said, "There is the hen-pheasant on the hill bridge. At its season! At its season!" Tsze-lu made a motion to it. Thrice it smelt him and then rose.
10·1 孔子于乡党，恂恂如也，似不能言者。其在宗庙、朝廷，便便言，唯谨尔。
孔子在本乡的地方上显得很温和恭敬，像是不会说话的样子。但他在宗庙里、朝廷上，却很善于言辞，只是说得比较谨慎而已。
10·2 朝，与下大夫言，侃侃如也；与上大夫言，訚訚如也。君在，踧踖如也，与与如也。
孔子在上朝的时候，（国君还没有到来，）同下大夫说话，温和而快乐的样子；同上大夫说话，正直而公正的样子；国君已经来了，恭敬而心中不安的样子，但又仪态适中。
10·3 君召使摈，色勃如也；足躩如也。揖所与立，左右手，衣前后，襜如也。趋进，翼如也。宾退，必复命曰：“宾不顾矣。”
国君召孔子去接待宾客，孔子脸色立即庄重起来，脚步也快起来，他向和他站在一起的人作揖，手向左或向右作揖，衣服前后摆动，却整齐不乱。快步走的时候，像鸟儿展开双翅一样。宾客走后，必定向君主回报说：“客人已经不回头张望了。”
10·4 入公门，鞠躬如也，如不容。立不中门，行不履阈。过位，色勃如也，足躩如也，其言似不足者。摄齐升堂，鞠躬如也，屏气似不息者。出，降一等，逞颜色，怡怡如也。没阶，趋进，翼如也。复其位，踧踖如也。
孔子走进朝廷的大门，谨慎而恭敬的样子，好像没有他的容身之地。站，他不站在门的中间；走，也不踩门坎。经过国君的座位时，他脸色立刻庄重起来，脚步也加快起来，说话也好像中气不足一样。提起衣服下摆向堂上走的时候，恭敬谨慎的样子，憋住气好像不呼吸一样。退出来，走下台阶，脸色便舒展开了，
怡然自得的样子。走完了台阶，快快地向前走几步，姿态像鸟儿展翅一样。回到自己的位置，是恭敬而不安的样子。
10·5 执圭，鞠躬如也，如不胜。上如揖，下如授。勃如战色，足蹜蹜，如有循。享礼，有容色。私觌，愉愉如也。
（孔子出使别的诸侯国，）拿着圭，恭敬谨慎，像是举不起来的样子。向上举时好像在作揖，放在下面时好像是给人递东西。脸色庄重得像战栗的样子，步子很小，好像沿着一条直线往前走。在举行赠送礼物的仪式时，显得和颜悦色。和国君举行私下会见的时候，更轻松愉快了。
10·6 君子不以绀緅饰，红紫不以为亵服。当暑，袗絺绤，必表而出之。缁衣，羔裘；素衣，麑裘；黄衣，狐裘。亵裘长，短右袂。必有寝衣，长一身有半。狐貉之厚以居。去丧，无所不佩。非帷裳，必杀之。羔裘玄冠不以吊。吉月，必朝服而朝。
君子不用深青透红或黑中透红的布镶边，不用红色或紫色的布做平常在家穿的衣服。夏天穿粗的或细的葛布单衣，但一定要套在内衣外面。黑色的羔羊皮袍，配黑色的罩衣。白色的鹿皮袍，配白色的罩衣。黄色的狐皮袍，配黄色的罩衣。平常在家穿的皮袍做得长一些，右边的袖子短一些。睡觉一定要有睡衣，要有一身半长。用狐貉的厚毛皮做坐垫。丧服期满，脱下丧服后，便佩带上各种各样的装饰品。如果不是礼服，一定要加以剪裁。不穿着黑色的羔羊皮袍和戴着黑色的帽子去吊丧。每月初一，一定要穿着礼服去朝拜君主。
10·7 齐，必有明衣，布。齐必变食，居必迁坐。
斋戒沐浴的时候，一定要有浴衣，用布做的。斋戒的时候，一定要改变平常的饮食，居住也一定搬移地方，（不与妻妾同房）。
10·8 食不厌精，脍不厌细。食饐而餲，鱼馁而肉败，不食。色恶，不食。臭恶，不食。失饪，不食。不时，不食，割不正 ，不食。不得其酱，不食。肉虽多，不使胜食气。唯酒无量，不及乱。沽酒市脯，不食。不撤姜食，不多食。
粮食不嫌舂得精，鱼和肉不嫌切得细。粮食陈旧和变味了，鱼和肉腐烂了，都不吃。食物的颜色变了，不吃。气味变了，不吃。烹调不当，不吃。不时新的东西，不吃。肉切得不方正，不吃。佐料放得不适当，不吃。席上的肉虽多，但吃的量不超过米面的量。只有酒没有限制，但不喝醉。从市上买来的肉干和酒，不吃。每餐必须有姜，但也不多吃。
10·9 祭于公，不宿肉，祭肉不出三日。出三日，不食之矣。
孔子参加国君祭祀典礼时分到的肉，不能留到第二天。祭祀用过的肉不超过三天。超过三天，就不吃了。
10·10 食不语，寝不言。
吃饭的时候不说话，睡觉的时候也不说话。
10·11 虽疏食菜羹，瓜祭，必齐如也。
即使是粗米饭蔬菜汤，吃饭前也要把它们取出一些来祭祖，而且表情要像斋戒时那样严肃恭敬。
10·12 席不正，不坐。
席子放得不端正，不坐。
10·13 乡人饮酒，杖者出，斯出矣。
行乡饮酒的礼仪结束后，（孔子）一定要等老年人先出去，然后自己才出去。
10·14 乡人傩，朝服而立于阼阶。
乡里人举行迎神驱鬼的宗教仪式时，孔子总是穿着朝服站在东边的台阶上。
10·15 问人于他邦，再拜而送之。
（孔子）托人向在其他诸侯国的朋友问候送礼，便向受托者拜两次送行。
10·16 康子馈药，拜而受之。曰：“丘未达，不敢尝。”
季康子给孔子赠送药品，孔子拜谢之后接受了，说：“我对药性不了解，不敢尝。”
10·17 厩焚。子退朝，曰：“伤人乎？”不问马。
马棚失火烧掉了。孔子退朝回来，说：“伤人了吗？”不问马的情况怎么样。
10·18 君赐食，必正席先尝之。君赐腥，必熟而荐之。君赐生，必畜之。侍食于君，君祭，先饭。
国君赐给熟食，孔子一定摆正座席先尝一尝。国君赐给生肉，一定煮熟了，先给祖宗上供。国君赐给活物，一定要饲养起来。同国君一道吃饭，在国君举行饭前祭礼的时候，一定要先尝一尝。
10·19 疾，君视之，东首，加朝服，拖绅。
孔子病了，国君来探视，他便头朝东躺着，身上盖上朝服，拖着大带子。
10·20 君命召，不俟驾行矣。
国君召见（孔子），他不等车马驾好就先步行走去了。
10·21 入太庙，每事问。
孔子到了太庙，每件事都要问。
10·22 朋友死，无所归，曰：“于我殡。”
（孔子的）朋友死了，没有亲属负责敛埋，孔子说：“丧事由我来办吧。”
10·23 朋友之馈，虽车马，非祭肉，不拜。
朋友馈赠物品，即使是车马，不是祭肉，（孔子在接受时）也是不拜的。
10·24 寝不尸，居不客。
(孔子)睡觉不像死尸一样挺着，平日家居也不像作客或接待客人时那样庄重严肃。
10·25 见齐衰者，虽狎，必变。见冕者与瞽者，虽亵，必以貌。凶服者式之。式负版者。有盛馔，必变色而作。
迅雷风烈必变。
10·26 升车，必正立，执绥。车中，不内顾，不疾言，不亲指。
上车时，一定先直立站好，然后拉着扶手带上车。在车上，不回头，不高声说话，不用自己的手指指点点。
10·27 色斯举矣，翔而后集。曰：“山梁雌雉，时哉时哉！”子路共之，三嗅而作。
孔子在山谷中行走，看见一群野鸡在那儿飞，孔子神色动了一下，野鸡飞翔了一阵落在树上。孔子说：“这些山梁上的母野鸡，得其时呀！得其时呀！”子路向他们拱拱手，野鸡便叫了几声飞走了。