Confucian Analects Chapter 18
The Viscount of Wei withdrew from the court. The Viscount of Chi became a slave to Chau. Pi-kan remonstrated with him and died.
Confucius said, "The Yin dynasty possessed these three men of virtue."
Hui of Liu-hsia, being chief criminal judge, was thrice dismissed from his office. Some one said to him, "Is it not yet time for you, sir, to leave this?" He replied, "Serving men in an upright way, where shall I go to, and not experience such a thrice-repeated dismissal? If I choose to serve men in a crooked way, what necessity is there for me to leave the country of my parents?"
The duke Ching of Ch‘i, with reference to the manner in which he should treat Confucius, said, "I cannot treat him as I would the chief of the Chi family. I will treat him in a manner between that accorded to the chief of the Chil and that given to the chief of the Mang family." He also said, "I am old; I cannot use his doctrines." Confucius took his departure.
The people of Ch‘i sent to Lu a present of female musicians, which Chi Hwan received, and for three days no court was held. Confucius took his departure.
The madman of Ch‘u, Chieh-yu, passed by Confucius, singing and saying, "O FANG! O FANG! How is your virtue degenerated! As to the past, reproof is useless; but the future may still be provided against. Give up your vain pursuit. Give up your vain pursuit. Peril awaits those who now engage in affairs of government."
Confucius alighted and wished to converse with him, but Chieh-yu hastened away, so that he could not talk with him.
Ch‘ang-tsu and Chieh-ni were at work in the field together, when Confucius passed by them, and sent Tsze-lu to inquire for the ford.
Ch‘ang-tsu said, "Who is he that holds the reins in the carriage there?" Tsze-lu told him, "It is K‘ung Ch‘iu.‘, "Is it not K‘ung of Lu?" asked he. "Yes," was the reply, to which the other rejoined, "He knows the ford."
Tsze-lu then inquired of Chieh-ni, who said to him, "Who are you, sir?" He answered, "I am Chung Yu." "Are you not the disciple of K‘ung Ch‘iu of Lu?" asked the other. "I am," replied he, and then Chieh-ni said to him, "Disorder, like a swelling flood, spreads over the whole empire, and who is he that will change its state for you? Rather than follow one who merely withdraws from this one and that one, had you not better follow those who have withdrawn from the world altogether?" With this he fell to covering up the seed, and proceeded with his work, without stopping.
Tsze-lu went and reported their remarks, when the Master observed with a sigh, "It is impossible to associate with birds and beasts, as if they were the same with us. If I associate not with these people,-with mankind,-with whom shall I associate? If right principles prevailed through the empire, there would be no use for me to change its state."
Tsze-lu, following the Master, happened to fall behind, when he met an old man, carrying across his shoulder on a staff a basket for weeds. Tsze-lu said to him, "Have you seen my master, sir?" The old man replied, "Your four limbs are unaccustomed to toil; you cannot distinguish the five kinds of grain:-who is your master?" With this, he planted his staff in the ground, and proceeded to weed.
Tsze-lu joined his hands across his breast, and stood before him. The old man kept Tsze-lu to pass the night in his house, killed a
fowl, prepared millet, and feasted him. He also introduced to him his two sons.
Next day, Tsze-lu went on his way, and reported his adventure. The Master said, "He is a recluse," and sent Tsze-lu back to see him again, but when he got to the place, the old man was gone.
Tsze-lu then said to the family, "Not to take office is not righteous. If the relations between old and young may not be neglected, how is it that he sets aside the duties that should be observed between sovereign and minister? Wishing to maintain his personal purity, he allows that great relation to come to confusion. A superior man takes office, and performs the righteous duties belonging to it. As to the failure of right principles to make progress, he is aware of that."
The men who have retired to privacy from the world have been Po-i, Shu-ch‘i, Yuchung, I-yi, Chu-chang, Hui of Liu-hsia, and Shao-lien.
The Master said, "Refusing to surrender their wills, or to submit to any taint in their persons; such, I think, were Po-i and Shu-ch‘i.
"It may be said of Hui of Liu-hsia! and of Shaolien, that they surrendered their wills, and submitted to taint in their persons, but their words corresponded with reason, and their actions were such as men are anxious to see. This is all that is to be remarked in them.
"It may be said of Yu-chung and I-yi, that, while they hid themselves in their seclusion, they gave a license to their words; but in their persons, they succeeded in preserving their purity, and, in their retirement, they acted according to the exigency of the times.
"I am different from all these. I have no course for which I am predetermined, and no course against which I am predetermined."
The grand music master, Chih, went to Ch‘i. Kan, the master of the band at the second meal, went to Ch‘u.
Liao, the band master at the third meal, went to Ts‘ai. Chueh, the band master at the fourth meal, went to Ch‘in.
Fang-shu, the drum master, withdrew to the north of the river. Wu, the master of the hand drum, withdrew to the Han. Yang, the assistant music master, and Hsiang, master of the musical stone, withdrew to an island in the sea.
The duke of Chau addressed his son, the duke of Lu, saying, "The virtuous prince does not neglect his relations. He does not cause the great ministers to repine at his not employing them. Without some great cause, he does not dismiss from their offices the members of old families. He does not seek in one man talents for every employment."
To Chau belonged the eight officers, Po-ta, Po-kwo, Chung-tu, Chung-hwu, Shu-ya, Shuhsia, Chi-sui, and Chi-kwa.
18·1 微子去之，箕子为之奴，比干谏而死。孔子曰：“殷有三仁焉。”
微子离开了纣王，箕子做了他的奴隶，比干被杀死了。孔子说：“这是殷朝的三位仁人啊！”
18·2 柳下惠为士师，三黜。人曰：“子未可以去乎？”曰：“直道而事人，焉往而不三黜？枉道而事人，何必去父母之邦？”
柳下惠当典狱官，三次被罢免。有人说：“你不可以离开鲁国吗？”柳下惠说：“按正道事奉君主，到哪里不会被多次罢官呢？如果不按正道事奉君主，为什么一定要离开本国呢？”
18·3 齐景公待孔子曰：“若季氏，则吾不能；以季、孟之间待之。”曰：“吾老矣，不能用也。”孔子行。
齐景公讲到对待孔子的礼节时说：“像鲁君对待季氏那样，我做不到，我用介于季氏孟氏之间的待遇对待他。”又说：“我老了，不能用了。”孔子离开了齐国。
18·4 齐人归女乐，季桓子受之，三日不朝。孔子行。
齐国人赠送了一些歌女给鲁国，季桓子接受了，三天不上朝。孔子于是离开了。
18·5 楚狂接舆歌而过孔子曰：“凤兮凤兮！何德之衰？往者不可谏，来者犹可追。已而已而！今之从政者殆而！”孔子下，欲与之言。趋而辟之，不得与之言。
楚国的狂人接舆唱着歌从孔子的车旁走过，他唱道：“凤凰啊，凤凰啊，你的德运怎么这么衰弱呢？过去的已经无可挽回，未来的还来得及改正。算了吧，算了吧。今天的执政者危乎其危！”孔子下车，想同他谈谈，他却赶快避开，孔子没能和他交谈。
18·6 长沮、桀溺耦而耕。孔子过之，使子路问津焉。长沮曰：“夫执舆者为谁？”子路曰：“为孔丘。”曰：“是鲁孔丘与？”曰：“是也。”曰：“是知津矣。”问于桀溺。桀溺曰：“子为谁？”曰：“为仲由。”曰：“是孔丘之徒与？”对曰：“然。”曰：“滔滔者天下皆是也，而谁以易之 ？且而与其从辟人之士也，岂若从辟世之士哉？”耰而不辍。子路行以告。夫子怃然曰：“鸟兽不可与同群，吾非斯人之徒与而谁与？天下有道，丘不与易也。”
长沮、桀溺在一起耕种，孔子路过，让子路去寻问渡口在哪里。长沮问子路：“那个拿着缰绳的是谁？”子路说：“是孔丘。”长沮说；“是鲁国的孔丘吗？”子路说：“是的。”长沮说：“那他是早已知道渡口的位置了。”子路再去问桀溺。桀溺说：“你是谁？”子路说：“我是仲由。”桀溺说：“你是鲁国孔丘的门徒吗？”子路说：“是的。”桀溺说：“像洪水一般的坏东西到处都是，你们同谁去改变它呢？而且你与其跟着躲避人的人，为什么不跟着我们这些躲避社会的人呢？”说完，仍旧不停地做田里的农活。子路回来后把情况报告给孔子。孔子很失望地说：“人是不能与
飞禽走兽合群共处的，如果不同世上的人群打交道还与谁打交道呢？如果天下太平，我就不会与你们一道来从事改革了。”
18·7 子路从而后，遇丈人，以杖荷蓧。子路问曰：“子见夫子乎？”丈人曰：“四体不勤，五谷不分，孰为夫子？”植其杖而芸。子路拱而立。止子路宿，杀鸡为黍而食之。见其二子焉。明日，子路行以告。子曰：“隐者也。”使子路反见之。至，则行矣。子路曰：“不仕无义。长幼之节，不可废也；君臣之义，如之何其废之？欲洁其身，而乱大伦。君子之仕也，行其义也。道之不行，已知之矣。”
子路跟随孔子出行，落在了后面，遇到一个老丈，用拐杖挑着除草的工具。子路问道：“你看到我的老师吗？”老丈说：“我手脚不停地劳作，五谷还来不及播种，哪里顾得上你的老师是谁？”说完，便扶着拐杖去除草。子路拱着手恭敬地站在一旁。老丈留子路到他家住宿，杀了鸡，做了小米饭给他吃，又叫两个儿子出来与子路见面。第二天，子路赶上孔子，把这件事向他作了报告。孔子说：“这是个隐士啊。”叫子路回去再看看他。子路到了那里，老丈已经走了。子路说：“不做官是不对的。长幼间的关系是不可能废弃的；君臣间的关系怎么能废弃呢？想要自身清白，却破坏了根本的君臣伦理关系。君子做官，只是为了实行君臣之义的。至于道的行不通，早就知道了。”
18·8 逸民：伯夷、叔齐、虞仲、夷逸、朱张、柳下惠、少连。子曰：“不降其志，不辱其身，伯夷、叔齐与？”谓柳下惠、少连，“降志辱身矣，言中伦，行中虑，其斯而已矣。”谓虞仲、夷逸，“隐居放言，身中清，废中权。”“我则异于是，无可无不可。”
被遗落的人有：伯夷、叔齐、虞仲、夷逸、朱张、柳下惠、少连。孔子说：“不降低自己的意志，不屈辱自己的身分，这是伯夷叔齐吧。”说柳下惠、少连是“被迫降低自己的意志，屈辱自己的身分，但说话合乎伦理，行为合乎人心。”说虞仲、夷逸“过着隐居的生活，说话很随便，能洁身自爱，离开官位合乎权宜。”“我却同这些人不同，可以这样做，也可以那样做。”
18·9 大师挚适齐，亚饭干适楚，三饭缭适蔡，四饭缺适秦，鼓方叔入于河，播鼗武入于汉，少师阳、击磬襄入于海。
太师挚到齐国去了，亚饭干到楚国去了，三饭缭到蔡国去了，四饭缺到秦国去了，打鼓的方叔到了黄河边，敲小鼓的武到了汉水边，少师阳和击磬的襄到了海滨。
18·10 周公谓鲁公曰：“君子不施其亲，不使大臣怨乎不以。故旧无大故，则不弃也。无求备于一人。”
周公对鲁公说：“君子不疏远他的亲属，不使大臣们抱怨不用他们。旧友老臣没有大的过失，就不要抛弃他们，不要对人求全责备。”
18·11 周有八士：伯达、伯适、伯突、仲忽、叔夜、叔夏、季随、季騧
周代有八个士：伯达、伯适、伯突、仲忽、叔夜、叔夏、季随、季騧