Confucian Analects Chapter 14
Hsien asked what was shameful. The Master said, "When good government prevails in a state, to be thinking only of salary; and, when bad government prevails, to be thinking, in the same way, only of salary;-this is shameful."
"When the love of superiority, boasting, resentments, and covetousness are repressed, this may be deemed perfect virtue."
The Master said, "This may be regarded as the achievement of what is difficult. But I do not know that it is to be deemed perfect virtue."
The Master said, "The scholar who cherishes the love of comfort is not fit to be deemed a scholar."
The Master said, "When good government prevails in a state, language may be lofty and bold, and actions the same. When bad government prevails, the actions may be lofty and bold, but the language may be with some reserve."
The Master said, "The virtuous will be sure to speak correctly, but those whose speech is good may not always be virtuous. Men of principle are sure to be bold, but those who are bold may not always be men of principle."
Nan-kung Kwo, submitting an inquiry to Confucius, said, "I was skillful at archery, and Ao could move a boat along upon the land, but neither of them died a natural death. Yu and Chi personally wrought at the toils of husbandry, and they became possessors of the kingdom." The Master made no reply; but when Nan-kung Kwo went out, he said, "A superior man indeed is this! An esteemer of virtue indeed is this!"
The Master said, "Superior men, and yet not always virtuous, there have been, alas! But there never has been a mean man, and, at the same time, virtuous."
The Master said, "Can there be love which does not lead to strictness with its object? Can there be loyalty which does not lead to the instruction of its object?"
The Master said, "In preparing the governmental notifications, P‘i Shan first made the rough draft; Shi-shu examined and discussed its contents; Tsze-yu, the manager of foreign intercourse, then polished the style; and, finally, Tsze-ch‘an of Tung-li gave it the proper elegance and finish."
Some one asked about Tsze-ch‘an. The Master said, "He was a kind man."
He asked about Tsze-hsi. The Master said, "That man! That man!" He asked about Kwan Chung. "For him," said the Master, "the city
of Pien, with three hundred families, was taken from the chief of the Po family, who did not utter a murmuring word, though, to the end of his life, he had only coarse rice to eat."
The Master said, "To be poor without murmuring is difficult. To be rich without being proud is easy."
The Master said, "Mang Kung-ch‘o is more than fit to be chief officer in the families of Chao and Wei, but he is not fit to be great officer to either of the states Tang or Hsieh."
Tsze-lu asked what constituted a COMPLETE man. The Master said, "Suppose a man with the knowledge of Tsang Wu-chung, the freedom from covetousness of Kung-ch‘o, the bravery of Chwang of Pien, and the varied talents of Zan Ch‘iu; add to these the accomplishments of the rules of propriety and music;-such a one might be reckoned a COMPLETE man."
He then added, "But what is the necessity for a complete man of the present day to have all these things? The man, who in the view of gain, thinks of righteousness; who in the view of danger is prepared to give up his life; and who does not forget an old agreement however far back it extends:-such a man may be reckoned a COMPLETE man."
The Master asked Kung-ming Chia about Kung-shu Wan, saying, "Is it true that your master speaks not, laughs not, and takes not?"
Kung-ming Chia replied, "This has arisen from the reporters going beyond the truth.-My master speaks when it is the time to speak, and so men do not get tired of his speaking. He laughs when there is occasion to be joyful, and so men do not get tired of his laughing. He takes when it is consistent with righteousness to do so, and so men do not get tired of his taking." The Master said, "So! But is it so with him?"
The Master said, "Tsang Wu-chung, keeping possession of Fang, asked of the duke of Lu to appoint a successor to him in his family. Although it may be said that he was not using force with his sovereign, I believe he was."
The Master said, "The duke Wan of Tsin was crafty and not upright. The duke Hwan of Ch‘i was upright and not crafty."
Tsze-lu said, "The Duke Hwan caused his brother Chiu to be killed, when Shao Hu died, with his master, but Kwan Chung did not die. May not I say that he was wanting in virtue?"
The Master said, "The Duke Hwan assembled all the princes together, and that not with weapons of war and chariots:-it was all through the influence of Kwan Chung. Whose beneficence was like his? Whose beneficence was like his?"
Tsze-kung said, "Kwan Chung, I apprehend was wanting in virtue. When the Duke Hwan caused his brother Chiu to be killed, Kwan Chung was not able to die with him. Moreover, he became prime minister to Hwan."
The Master said, "Kwan Chung acted as prime minister to the Duke Hwan made him leader of all the princes, and united and rectified the whole kingdom. Down to the present day, the people enjoy the gifts which he conferred. But for Kwan Chung, we should now be wearing our hair unbound, and the lappets of our coats buttoning on the left side.
"Will you require from him the small fidelity of common men and common women, who would commit suicide in a stream or ditch, no one knowing anything about them?"
The great officer, Hsien, who had been family minister to Kung-shu Wan, ascended to the prince‘s court in company with Wan.
The Master, having heard of it, said, "He deserved to be considered WAN (the accomplished)."
The Master was speaking about the unprincipled course of the duke Ling of Weil when Ch‘i K‘ang said, "Since he is of such a character, how is it he does not lose his state?"
Confucius said, "The Chung-shu Yu has the superintendence of his guests and of strangers; the litanist, T‘o, has the management of his ancestral temple; and Wang-sun Chia has the direction of the army and forces:-with such officers as these, how should he lose his state?"
The Master said, "He who speaks without modesty will find it difficult to make his words good."
Chan Ch‘ang murdered the Duke Chien of Ch‘i. Confucius bathed, went to court and informed the Duke Ai, saying,
"Chan Hang has slain his sovereign. I beg that you will undertake to punish him."
The duke said, "Inform the chiefs of the three families of it." Confucius retired, and said, "Following in the rear of the great
officers, I did not dare not to represent such a matter, and my prince says, "Inform the chiefs of the three families of it."
He went to the chiefs, and informed them, but they would not act. Confucius then said, "Following in the rear of the great officers, I did not dare not to represent such a matter."
Tsze-lu asked how a ruler should be served. The Master said, "Do not impose on him, and, moreover, withstand him to his face."
The Master said, "The progress of the superior man is upwards; the progress of the mean man is downwards."
The Master said, "In ancient times, men learned with a view to their own improvement. Nowadays, men learn with a view to the approbation of others."
Chu Po-yu sent a messenger with friendly inquiries to Confucius. Confucius sat with him, and questioned him. "What," said he! "is your master engaged in?" The messenger replied, "My master is anxious to make his faults few, but he has not yet succeeded." He then went out, and the Master said, "A messenger indeed! A messenger indeed!"
The Master said, "He who is not in any particular office has nothing to do with plans for the administration of its duties."
The philosopher Tsang said, "The superior man, in his thoughts, does not go out of his place."
The Master said, "The superior man is modest in his speech, but exceeds in his actions."
The Master said, "The way of the superior man is threefold, but I am not equal to it. Virtuous, he is free from anxieties; wise, he is free from perplexities; bold, he is free from fear.
Tsze-kung said, "Master, that is what you yourself say." Tsze-kung was in the habit of comparing men together. The Master
said, "Tsze must have reached a high pitch of excellence! Now, I have not leisure for this."
The Master said, "I will not be concerned at men‘s not knowing me; I will be concerned at my own want of ability."
The Master said, "He who does not anticipate attempts to deceive him, nor think beforehand of his not being believed, and yet apprehends these things readily when they occur;-is he not a man of superior worth?"
Wei-shang Mau said to Confucius, "Ch‘iu, how is it that you keep roosting about? Is it not that you are an insinuating talker?
Confucius said, "I do not dare to play the part of such a talker, but I hate obstinacy."
The Master said, "A horse is called a ch‘i, not because of its strength, but because of its other good qualities."
Some one said, "What do you say concerning the principle that injury should be recompensed with kindness?"
The Master said, "With what then will you recompense kindness?" "Recompense injury with justice, and recompense kindness with
kindness."
The Master said, "Alas! there is no one that knows me." Tsze-kung said, "What do you mean by thus saying-that no one knows
you?" The Master replied, "I do not murmur against Heaven. I do not grumble against men. My studies lie low, and my penetration rises high. But there is Heaven;-that knows me!"
The Kung-po Liao, having slandered Tsze-lu to Chi-sun, Tsze-fu Ching-po informed Confucius of it, saying, "Our master is certainly being led astray by the Kung-po Liao, but I have still power enough left to cut Liao off, and expose his corpse in the market and in the court."
The Master said, "If my principles are to advance, it is so ordered. If they are to fall to the ground, it is so ordered. What can the Kung-po Liao do where such ordering is concerned?"
The Master said, "Some men of worth retire from the world. Some retire from particular states. Some retire because of disrespectful looks. Some retire because of contradictory language."
The Master said, "Those who have done this are seven men." Tsze-lu happening to pass the night in Shih-man, the gatekeeper said
to him, "Whom do you come from?" Tsze-lu said, "From Mr. K‘ung." "It is he,-is it not?"-said the other, "who knows the impracticable nature of the times and yet will be doing in them."
The Master was playing, one day, on a musical stone in Weil when a man carrying a straw basket passed door of the house where Confucius was, and said, "His heart is full who so beats the musical stone."
A little while after, he added, "How contemptible is the one-ideaed obstinacy those sounds display! When one is taken no notice of, he has simply at once to give over his wish for public employment. ‘Deep water must be crossed with the clothes on; shallow water may be crossed with the clothes held up.‘"
The Master said, "How determined is he in his purpose! But this is not difficult!"
Tsze-chang said, "What is meant when the Shu says that Kao-tsung, while observing the usual imperial mourning, was for three years without speaking?"
The Master said, "Why must Kao-tsung be referred to as an example of this? The ancients all did so. When the sovereign died, the officers all attended to their several duties, taking instructions from the prime minister for three years."
The Master said, "When rulers love to observe the rules of propriety, the people respond readily to the calls on them for service."
Tsze-lu asked what constituted the superior man. The Master said, "The cultivation of himself in reverential carefulness." "And is this all?" said Tsze-lu. "He cultivates himself so as to give rest to others," was the reply. "And is this all?" again asked Tsze-lu. The Master said, "He cultivates himself so as to give rest to all the people. He cultivates himself so as to give rest to all the people:-even Yao and Shun were still solicitous about this."
Yuan Zang was squatting on his heels, and so waited the approach of the Master, who said to him, "In youth not humble as befits a junior; in manhood, doing nothing worthy of being handed down; and living on to old age:-this is to be a pest." With this he hit him on the shank with his staff.
A youth of the village of Ch‘ueh was employed by Confucius to carry the messages between him and his visitors. Some one asked about him, saying, "I suppose he has made great progress."
The Master said, "I observe that he is fond of occupying the seat of a full-grown man; I observe that he walks shoulder to shoulder with his elders. He is not one who is seeking to make progress in learning. He wishes quickly to become a man."
14·1 宪问耻。子曰：“邦有道，谷；邦无道，谷，耻也。”“克、伐、怨、欲不行焉，可以为仁矣？”子曰：“可以为难矣，仁则吾不知也。”
原宪问孔子什么是可耻。孔子说：“国家有道，做官拿俸禄；国家无道，还做官拿俸禄，这就是可耻。”原宪又问：“好胜、自夸、怨恨、贪欲都没有的人，可以算做到仁了吧？”孔子说：“这可以说是很难得的，但至于是不是做到了仁，那我就不知道了。”
14·2 子曰：“士而怀居，不足以为士矣。”
孔子说：“士如果留恋家庭的安逸生活，就不配做士了。”
14·3 子曰：“邦有道，
危言危行；邦无道，危行言孙。”
孔子说：“国家有道，要正言正行；国家无道，还要正直，但说话要随和谨慎。”
14·4 子曰：“有德者必有言，有言者不必有德。仁者必有勇，勇者不必有仁。”
孔子说：“有道德的人，一定有言论，有言论的人不一定有道德。仁人一定勇敢，勇敢的人都不一定有仁德。”
14·5 南宫适问于孔子曰：“羿善射，奡荡舟，俱不得其死然。禹稷躬稼而有天下。”夫子不答。南宫适出。子曰：“君子哉若人！尚德哉若人！”
南宫适问孔子：“羿善于射箭，奡善于水战，最后都不得好死。禹和稷都亲自种植庄稼，却得到了天下。”孔子没有回答，南宫适出去后，孔子说：“这个人真是个君子呀！这个人真尊重道德。”
14·6 子曰：“君子而不仁者有矣夫，未有小人而仁者也。”
孔子说：“君子中没有仁德的人是有的，而小人中有仁德的人是没有的。”
14·7 子曰：“爱之，能勿劳乎？忠焉，能勿诲乎？”
孔子说：“爱他，能不为他操劳吗？忠于他，能不对他劝告吗？”
14·8 子曰：“为命，裨谌草创之，世叔讨论之，行人子羽修饰之，东里子产润色之。”
孔子说：“郑国发表的公文，都是由裨谌起草的，世叔提出意见，外交官子羽加以修饰，由子产作最后修改润色。”
14·9 或问子产。子曰：“惠人也。”问子西。曰：“彼哉！彼哉！”问管仲。曰：“人也。夺伯氏骈邑三百，饭疏食，没齿无怨言。”
有人问子产是个怎样的人。孔子说：“是个有恩惠于人的人。”又问子西。孔子说：“他呀！他呀！”又问管仲。孔子说：“他是个有才干的人，他把伯氏骈邑的三百家夺走，使伯氏终生吃粗茶淡饭，直到老死也没有怨言。”
14·10 子曰：“贫而无怨难，富而无骄易。”
孔子说：“贫穷而能够没有怨恨是很难做到的，富裕而不骄傲是容易做到的。”
14·11 子曰：“孟公绰为赵魏老则优，不可以为滕薛大夫。”
孔子说：“孟公绰做晋国越氏、魏氏的家臣，是才力有余的，但不能做滕、薛这样小国的大夫。”
14·12 子路问成人。子曰：“若臧武仲之知，公绰之不欲，卞庄子之勇，冉求之艺，文之以礼乐，亦可以为成人矣。”曰：“今之成人者何必然？见利思义，见危授命，久要不忘平生之言，亦可以为成人矣。”
子路问怎样做才是一个完美的人。孔子说：“如果具有臧武仲的智慧，孟公绰的克制，卞庄子的勇敢，冉求那样多才多艺，再用礼乐加以修饰，也就可以算是一个完人了。”孔子又说：“现在的完人何必一定要这样呢？见到财利想到义的要求，遇到危险能献出生命，长久处于穷困还不忘平日的诺言，这样也可以成为一位完美的人。”
14·13 子问公叔文子于公明贾曰：“信乎，夫子不言，不笑，不取乎？”公明贾对曰：“以告者过也。夫子时然后言，人不厌其言；乐然后笑，人不厌其笑；义然后取，人不厌其取。”子曰：“其然？岂其然乎？”
孔子向公明贾问到公叔文子，说：“先生他不说、不笑、不取钱财，是真的吗？”公明贾回答道：“这是告诉你话的那个人的过错。先生他到该说时才说，因此别人不厌恶他说话；快乐时才笑，因此别人不厌恶他笑；合于礼要求的财利他才取，因此别人不厌恶他取。”孔子说：“原来这样，难道真是这样吗？”
14·14 子曰：“臧武仲以防求为后于鲁，虽曰不要君，吾不信也。”
孔子说：“臧武仲凭借防邑请求鲁君在鲁国替臧氏立后代，虽然有人说他不是要挟君主，我不相信。”
14·15 子曰：“晋文公谲而不正，齐桓公正而不谲。”
孔子说：“晋文公诡诈而不正派，齐桓公正派而不诡诈。”
14·16 子路曰：“桓公杀公子纠，召忽死之，管仲不死。”曰：“未仁乎？”子曰：“桓公九合诸侯，不以兵车，管仲之力也。如其仁，如其仁。”
子路说：“齐桓公杀了公子纠，召忽自杀以殉，但管仲却没有自杀。管仲不能算是仁人吧？”孔子说：“桓公多次召集各诸侯国的盟会，不用武力，都是管仲的力量啊。这就是他的仁德，这就是他的仁德。”
14·17 子贡曰：“管仲非仁者与？桓公杀公子纠，不能死，又相之。”子曰：“管仲相桓公，霸诸侯，一匡天下，民到于今受其赐。微管仲，吾其被发左衽矣。岂若匹夫匹妇之为谅也，自经于沟渎而莫之知也。”
子贡问：“管仲不能算是仁人了吧？桓公杀了公子纠，他不能为公子纠殉死，反而做了齐桓公的宰相。”孔子说：“管仲辅佐桓公，称霸诸侯，匡正了天下，老百姓到了今天还享受到他的好处。如果没有管仲，恐怕我们也要披散着头发，衣襟向左开了。哪能像普通百姓那样恪守小节，自杀在小山沟里，而谁也不知道呀。”
14·18 公叔文子之臣大夫僎与文子同升诸公。子闻之，曰：“可以为文矣。”
公叔文子的家臣僎和文子一同做了卫国的大夫。孔子知道了这件事以后说：“（他死后）可以给他‘文’的谥号了。”
14·19 子言卫灵公之无道也，康子曰：“夫如是，奚而不丧？”孔子曰：“仲叔圉治宾客，祝鮀治宗庙，王孙贾治军旅，夫如是，奚其丧？”
孔子讲到卫灵公的无道，季康子说：“既然如此，为什么他没有败亡呢？”孔子说：“因为他有仲叔圉接待宾客，祝鮀管理宗庙祭祀，王孙贾统率军队，像这样，怎么会败亡呢？”
14·20 子曰：“其言之不怍，则为之也难。”
孔子说：“说话如果大言不惭，那么实现这些话就是很困难的了。”
14·21 陈成子弑简公。孔子沐浴而朝，告于哀公曰：“陈恒弑其君，请讨之。”公曰：“告夫三子。”孔子曰：“以吾从大夫之后，不敢不告也。君曰‘告夫三子’者。”之三子告，不可。孔子曰：“以吾从大夫之后，不敢不告也。”
陈成子杀了齐简公。孔子斋戒沐浴以后，随即上朝去见鲁哀公，报告说：“陈恒把他的君主杀了，请你出兵讨伐他。”哀公说：“你去报告那三位大夫吧。”孔子退朝后说：“因为我曾经做过大夫，所以不敢不来报告，君主却说‘你去告诉那三位大夫吧’！”孔子去向那三位大夫报告，但三位大夫不愿派兵讨伐，孔子又说： “因为我曾经做过大夫，所以不敢不来报告呀！”
14·22 子路问事君。子曰：“勿欺也，而犯之。”
子路问怎样事奉君主。孔子说：“不能欺骗他，但可以犯颜直谏。”
14·23 子曰：“君子上达，小人下达。”
孔子说：“君子向上通达仁义，小人向下通达财利。”
14·24 子曰：“古之学者为己，今之学者为人。”
孔子说：“古代的人学习是为了提高自己，而现在的人学习是为了给别人看。”
14·25 蘧伯玉使人于孔子，孔子与之坐而问焉。曰：“夫子何为？”对曰：“夫子欲寡其过而未能也。”使者出，子曰：“使乎！使乎！”
蘧伯玉派使者去拜访孔子。孔子让使者坐下，然后问道：“先生最近在做什么？”使者回答说：“先生想要减少自己的错误，但未能做到。”使者走了以后，孔子说：“好一位使者啊，好一位使者啊！”
14·26 子曰：“不在其位，不谋其政。”曾子曰：“君子思不出其位。”
孔子说：“不在那个职位，就不要考虑那个职位上的事情。”曾子说：“君子考虑问题，从来不超出自己的职位范围。”
14·27 子曰：“君子耻其言而过其行。”
孔子说：“君子认为说得多而做得少是可耻的。”
14·28 子曰：“君子道者三，我无能焉：仁者不忧，知者不惑，勇者不惧。”子贡曰：“夫子自道也。”
孔子说：“君子之道有三个方面，我都未能做到：仁德的人不忧愁，聪明的人不迷惑，勇敢的人不畏惧。”子贡说：“这正是老师的自我表述啊！”
14·29 子贡方人。子曰：“赐也贤乎哉？夫我则不暇。”
子贡评论别人的短处。孔子说：“赐啊，你真的就那么贤良吗？我可没有闲工夫去评论别人。”
14·30 子曰：“不患人之不己知，患其不能也。”
孔子说：“不忧虑别人不知道自己，只担心自己没有本事。”
14·31 子曰：“不逆诈，不亿不信，抑亦先觉者，是贤乎！”
孔子说：“不预先怀疑别人欺诈，也不猜测别人不诚实，然而能事先觉察别人的欺诈和不诚实，这就是贤人了。”
14·32 微生亩谓孔子曰：“丘，何为是栖栖者与？无乃为佞乎？”孔子曰：“非敢为佞也，疾固也。”
微生亩对孔子说：“孔丘，你为什么这样四处奔波游说呢？你不就是要显示自己的口才和花言巧语吗？”孔子说：“我不是敢于花言巧语，只是痛恨那些顽固不化的人。”
14·33 子曰：“骥不称其力，称其德也。”
孔子说：“千里马值得称赞的不是它的气力，而是称赞它的品德。”
14·34 或曰：“以德报怨，何如？”子曰：“何以报德？以直报怨，以德报德。”
有人说：“用恩德来报答怨恨怎么样？”孔子说：“用什么来报答恩德呢？应该是用正直来报答怨恨，用恩德来报答恩德。”
14·35 子曰：“莫我知也夫！”子贡曰：“何为其莫知子也？”子曰：“不怨天，不尤人。下学而上达，知我者其天乎！”
孔子说：“没有人了解我啊！”子贡说：“怎么能说没有人了解您呢？”孔子说：“我不埋怨天，也不责备人，下学礼乐而上达天命，了解我的只有天吧！”
14·36 公伯寮愬子路于季孙。子服景伯以告，曰：“夫子固有惑志于公伯寮，吾力犹能肆诸市朝。”子曰：“道之将行也与，命也；道之将废也与，命也。公伯寮其如命何！”
公伯寮向季孙告发子路。子服景伯把这件事告诉给孔子，并且说：“季孙氏已经被公伯寮迷惑了，我的力量能够把公伯寮杀了，把他陈尸于市。”孔子说：“道能够得到推行，是天命决定的；道不能得到推行，也是天命决定的。公伯寮能把天命怎么样呢？”
14·37 子曰：“贤者辟世，其次辟地，其次辟色，其次辟言。”子曰：“作者七人矣。”
孔子说：“贤人逃避动荡的社会而隐居，次一等的逃避到另外一个地方去，再次一点的逃避别人难看的脸色，再次一点的回避别人难听的话。”孔子又说：“这样做的已经有七个人了。”
14·38 子路宿于石门。晨门曰：“奚自？”子路曰：“自孔氏。”曰：“是知其不可而为之者与？”
子路夜里住在石门，看门的人问：“从哪里来？”子路说：“从孔子那里来。”看门的人说：“是那个明知做不到却还要去做的人吗？”
14·39 子击磬于卫，有荷蒉而过孔氏之门者，曰：“有心哉，击磬乎！”既而曰：“鄙哉！硁硁乎！莫己知也，斯己而已矣。深则厉，浅则揭。”子曰：“果哉！末之难矣。”
孔子在卫国，一次正在敲击磬，有一位背扛草筐的人从门前走过说：“这个击磬的人有心思啊！”一会儿又说：“声音硁硁的，真可鄙呀，没有人了解自己，就只为自己就是了。（好像涉水一样）水深就穿着衣服趟过去，水浅就撩起衣服趟过去。”孔子说：“说得真干脆，没有什么可以责问他了。”
14·40 子张曰：“书云：‘高宗谅阴，三年不言。’何谓也？”子曰：“何必高宗？古之人皆然。君薨，百官总己以听于冢宰三年。”
子张说：“《尚书》上说，‘高宗守丧，三年不谈政事。’这是什么意思？”孔子说：“不仅是高宗，古人都是这样。国君死了，朝廷百官都各管自己的职事，听命于冢宰三年。”
14·41 子曰：“上好礼，则民易使也。”
孔子说：“在上位的人喜好礼，那么百姓就容易指使了。”
14·42 子路问君子。子曰：“修己以敬。”曰：“如斯而已乎？”曰：“修己以安人。”曰：“如斯而已乎？”曰：“修己以安百姓。修己以安百姓，尧舜其犹病诸？”
子路问什么叫君子。孔子说：“修养自己，保持严肃恭敬的态度。”子路说：“这样就够了吗？”孔子说：“修养自己，使周围的人们安乐。”子路说：“这样就够了吗？”孔子说：“修养自己，使所有百姓都安乐。修养自己使所有百姓都安乐，尧舜还怕难于做到呢？”
14·43 原壤夷俟。子曰：“幼而不孙弟，长而无述焉，老而不死，是为贼。”以杖叩其胫。
原壤叉开双腿坐着等待孔子。孔子骂他说：“年幼的时候，你不讲孝悌，长大了又没有什么可说的成就，老而不死，真是害人虫。”说着，用手杖敲他的小腿。
14·44 阙党童子将命。或问之曰：“益者与？”子曰：“吾其居于位也，见其与先生并行也。非求益者也，欲速成者也。”
阙里的一个童子，来向孔子传话。有人问孔子：“这是个求上进的孩子吗？”孔子说：“我看见他坐在成年人的位子上，又见他和长辈并肩而行，他不是要求上进的人，只是个急于求成的人。”